Abuse is a pattern of harmful behaviors directed at achieving and maintaining power over an individual. Types of abuse include physical, sexual and mental or emotional. Abuse can also be a combination of any of these forms and can occur in various settings. Whether abuse takes the form of domestic violence, child abuse or elder abuse, the person perpetrating the abuse aims to exert power and control over an often helpless victim.

Abuse occurs among people of all ages, genders, races, educational backgrounds and socioeconomic groups. However, certain groups, especially women, are at greater risk for abuse. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, most victims of domestic and sexual abuse are women.

Abuse, especially if ongoing, can be physically and mentally harmful. It almost always results in psychological damage to its victims. Abuse can lead to increased anxiety and stress, low self-esteem and mental illnesses including major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Prolonged abuse may also put victims at risk for substance abuse or dependence, high-risk sexual behaviors (e.g., unprotected sex, multiple sex partners), poor health, poor academic or work performance, suicidal ideation and untimely death.

Although victims may be unable to stop abuse while it is happening to them, they can get help and support for themselves. This includes calling local authorities in cases of emergency, especially in life-threatening situations, and promptly securing medical attention for any injuries sustained during the abuse.

Victims of abuse can find some relief and feel less alone by confiding in trusted individuals including friends, relatives and other loved ones. Support groups for victims of abuse can also help abused individuals cope with their situation and may empower them to take the necessary steps to end the abuse.

Some abuse victims may seek support from family and friends. However, others may be in denial about their situation. Other people can help abuse victims by not ignoring signs of abuse – unexplained bruises, broken bones or increased anxiety – and recognizing the need for medical attention, which may save a person’s life.

People can help someone in an abusive relationship simply by listening to them and letting them know help is available. A support system of caring friends and relatives can help ensure a victim takes necessary steps to end the abuse, such as leaving the spouse or perpetrator and/or reporting abuse to the authorities.