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An adenoidectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the adenoids (glands located in the back of the throat). It is usually performed on children over 4 years of age, and often occurs in tandem with removal of the tonsils (tonsillectomy). Sometimes, ear tube surgery (myringotomy) is performed in conjunction with an adenoidectomy. This is done to prevent recurring ear infections, which can be caused by allergies.

In children under 4 the procedure can be useful in treating sleep apnea (a disorder that causes breathing to temporarily stop during sleep).

Also known as nasopharyngeal tonsils, adenoids are masses of tissue similar to the lymph nodes located in the neck, groin and armpits. They are located high in the throat behind the nose and the roof of the mouth (soft palate). A physician needs special instruments, such as a small mirror or a special scope, to see the adenoids, which are not visible through the mouth. The adenoids and tonsils form a ring of glandular tissue (Waldeyer’s ring) that encircles the back of the throat.

Adenoids and tonsils are part of the body’s immune system. They filter out viruses and bacteria entering the body through the nose and help produce antibodies which fight infection. As a child grows older, the role of adenoids and tonsils in fighting infection becomes less important. Children who have them removed suffer no significant loss of immunity to infection.

Sometimes, the adenoids and tonsils can become infected (adenoiditis and tonsillitis). This can lead to enlargement of the adenoid and breathing or swallowing problems, chronic tonsillitis or recurring sinus and ear infections. When this happens, the tissue may need to be removed.

Although the procedure is rarely performed in adults, it may also be recommended to treat chronic snoring in older patients.