Albinism is the complete or partial lack of melanin in the skin, hair and/or eyes. It is a rare, inherited condition that occurs in all races. It may affect the hair, skin and eyes or just the eyes. In most forms of the condition, melanin is present but in reduced amounts. The hair and skin may range in color from white to normal. Eyes are often light blue and may appear pink or red in bright light. 

The general health of a patient with albinism is normal, but vision problems (e.g., photophobia, reduced vision) are very common. In addition, people with the condition are at higher risk from sun damage. Pigmented growths and spots may develop in sun-exposed areas of the skin and tanning greatly increases the risk of skin cancer. Therefore, sun protection (e.g., avoidance, sunscreen) is very important.

The diagnosis of albinism typically relies upon the appearance of the hair, skin and eyes during a physical examination. Genetic testing may be used to determine the specific type of albinism present.

Albinism cannot be cured or treated. Vision problems may be improved with corrective lenses. Regular eye exams and screenings for skin cancer are generally recommended. Genetic counseling may be undertaken by individuals with a family history of albinism.