Alcoholism is a chronic disorder characterized by excessive and compulsive use of the drug alcohol. It also includes craving alcohol, loss of control over drinking, physical dependence on alcohol and tolerance.

Alcoholism is different than alcohol abuse, which is alcohol use that leads to legal or relationship problems, drinking in dangerous situations and failing to meet home, work or school responsibilities.

Alcoholism can result in a variety of negative health consequences such as liver disease, cardiovascular problems and an increased risk of cancer.

According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, nearly 18 million adult Americans have alcoholism or abuse alcohol. Several million more engage in risky drinking patterns that could lead to the development of alcoholism. Some risk factors for alcoholism include having a family history of alcoholism, being male and having a mental health disorder, such as depression.

Signs and symptoms of alcoholism include blackouts (loss of memory after drinking), loss of interest in once pleasurable activities and legal problems, among others.

Alcoholism may be diagnosed during a physical examination that includes a medical history and list of medications. Patients suspected of having alcoholism may be asked to fill out a questionnaire aimed at identifying problem drinking patterns and emotions.

Treatment techniques for alcoholism vary according to the individual. Patients may be treated in an outpatient program or a residential inpatient program. Treatment may include detoxification (process by which patients withdraw from alcohol), medication to reduce or eliminate cravings and counseling and/or self-help groups to help avoid relapse (using alcohol after a period of abstinence).

Patients often require psychological and medication treatment for disorders that contribute to alcoholism, such as depression.