Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis focuses on avoiding the allergen known to trigger a reaction and relieving symptoms once a reaction occurs.

Symptom relief can take many forms, including cool compresses to ease eye itchiness or over-the-counter “artificial tears” solutions that lubricate the eyes and help force out allergens. However, most people with allergic conjunctivitis seek symptom-relieving medications, some of which are available over-the-counter. Always consult a healthcare professional before using any over-the-counter medication.

Medications used to relieve allergic conjunctivitis symptoms include:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Medications that reduce inflammation by blocking production of prostaglandins (chemicals that contribute to inflammation during allergic reactions).
• Antihistamine eye drops. Medications that block the effects of histamines (chemicals released during and allergic reaction). They can relieve the itching, burning and tearing associated with allergic conjunctivitis. However, they should not be used more than four times a day, and some healthcare professionals caution that these medications contain preservatives that may further aggravate symptoms. Oral antihistamines may also be recommended.
• Mast cell stabilizers. Medications that prevent mast cells from releasing histamines which trigger allergy symptoms.
• Low-dose corticosteroid eye drops. A type of anti-inflammatory medication similar to hormones found in the body. They can be used to treat allergic conjunctivitis, but only with caution and under a physician’s close monitoring. Long-term use can lead to the formation of cataracts, which are a clouding of the eye lens that can impact vision. The treatment can also cause glaucoma, which is increased pressure in the eye that can lead to blindness.

Allergy shots (immunotherapy) also may be used to desensitize the patient to the effects of the allergen that is causing symptoms. These shots contain a small amount of the allergen and are given on a regular schedule, such as once or twice a week for six months. If the individual shows no adverse reaction, the amount of allergen is increased with each successive injection. Over time, the body’s immune system learns not to react to the presence of the allergen. However, these injections are not always successful in treating the allergy.

Patients who wear contact lenses may also be advised to wear glasses until their symptoms subside.