Allergy kits are prescribed for those with a history of anaphylaxis, a rare, severe allergic reaction that affects two or more body systems and often begins immediately after an individual has been exposed to a particular allergen. Food allergies, reactions to the venom contained in insect stings and bites, latex allergies, and medication allergies are the most common anaphylaxis triggers. Patients with a history of severe asthma attacks also may benefit from having an allergy kit.

Without prompt emergency treatment, anaphylaxis can quickly progress to life-threatening anaphylactic shock, which is characterized by difficulty breathing and a dangerous drop in blood pressure. Epinephrine usually reverses these symptoms quickly. It should be administered at the first sign of anaphylaxis.

Patients, loved ones and caregivers should be familiar with the symptoms of a severe attack so they will know when use of the kit is necessary. Early delivery of epinephrine is recommended because it is associated with a greater chance for survival, as well as a quicker recovery.

Upon injection, the effects of epinephrine should be immediately apparent. Anaphylactic symptoms such as breathing difficulties, wheezing and intense itching should decrease.

Epinephrine doses may be repeated, if necessary and as directed by a physician. Because kits contain only one or two doses, it is not uncommon for people to have more than one kit available. However, a patient should always head to an emergency room after self-administering a dose of the drug. In about 10 percent of all cases, anaphylactic symptoms recur within four to 12 hours after an initial episode. This is known as a bi-phasic reaction. Those who experience anaphylaxis should stay under medical supervision for a minimum of four to six hours after the attack subsides.