The biggest risk with allergy skin tests is the possibility of anaphylactic shock, a potentially life-threatening condition.

Anaphylaxis is a rare, severe allergic reaction that involves two or more body systems. It often begins immediately after an individual has been exposed to a particular allergen. Without prompt emergency treatment, anaphylaxis may progress to anaphylactic shock, which is characterized by difficulty breathing and a dangerous drop in blood pressure. An emergency dose of epinephrine (adrenaline) is necessary to reverse these symptoms.

Anaphylaxis is rare in all allergy skin testing, though the incidence is slightly higher in intradermal testing. However, the potential for anaphylaxis – albeit slight – dictates that allergy skin tests should never be attempted except under the strict monitoring of a physician.

In some cases, allergy skin tests have provoked milder reactions as long as a day after testing. Patients should call their physician if any of the following symptoms develop:

• Fever
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Wheezing
• Shortness of breath
• Severe swelling or itching

It is not unusual for patients to feel itching, tenderness or swelling at the testing site. These symptoms usually subside within minutes to hours. A nonprescription steroid cream such as cortisone may help relieve these symptoms. Applying cool cloths can also provide relief.