Dental amalgam is used extensively in the treatment of tooth decay and cavities in patients of all ages. It is used for small to moderately sized cavities and may be used in both primary and permanent teeth.

Due to the durability of amalgam and its ability to withstand substantial chewing stress, the material can be used to restore molars, which must handle the greatest chewing load. Because of its ease of use and versatility, amalgam is also important in restorations of areas that are difficult to keep dry during the restorative procedure (e.g., deep fillings below the gumline).

Amalgam is not typically used in areas that are easily visible when patients speak or laugh (e.g., the front of the mouth) or in patients who are allergic to mercury or any other component of the alloy.