Anti-inflammatory drugs are used to treat pain related to many types of conditions. These drugs are also used to reduce fever. They come in the following forms:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Over-the-counter and prescription medications that include Over-the-counter and prescription medications that include salicylates such as aspirin, traditional NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen, and COX-2 inhibitors. 

These drugs prevent inflammation by slowing the body’s production of prostaglandins (chemical messengers). Prostaglandins are instrumental in causing swelling, pain, stiffness, redness and warmth. NSAIDs also inhibit the production of pain-producing substances in the body. Lower doses of NSAIDs help relieve pain, whereas higher doses are commonly used to reduce inflammation.

• Corticosteroids. Steroidal medications available by prescription or in some forms without a prescription. They include drugs such as prednisone and hydrocortisone. These drugs can be used to treat conditions ranging from mild skin rashes to more serious inflammatory conditions, such as chronic arthritis.

Corticosteroids work by mimicking a hormone called cortisol, which the body naturally produces to protect against illness. Scientists are unsure how corticosteroids are able to reduce inflammation so effectively, but studies have shown that the medications lower the amount of chemicals released by some inflammatory cells. This leads to decreased swelling in inflamed areas.

Anti-inflammatory drugs are delivered in a regular tablet, delayed-release tablet, extended-release tablet, buffered tablet, liquid, topical cream, paste, injection, inhalation, suppository, enema or foam. Patients should always take anti-inflammatory drugs exactly as directed by a physician.

Pain relief does not increase if the dosage is increased beyond the level prescribed by a physician or indicated on the drug label. Taking a higher dose than the recommended amount will only increase the potential for dangerous side effects.