Antibiotics are medications used to treat infectious diseases that result from bacteria. More than 150 types of antibiotics have been developed. These drugs have dramatically lowered rates of death and illness associated with infectious diseases.

Antibiotics are created wholly or partially from certain microorganisms. In some cases, antibiotics kill bacteria. In other cases, they prevent bacteria from reproducing, allowing the body’s immune system to destroy the remaining bacteria. Infections that may be treated with antibiotics include:

• Meningitis
• Staph infections
• Strep throat
  

  

• Urinary tract infections
• Wound and skin infections
• Pneumonia

Although antibiotics can help treat many diseases, they can also occasionally be the source of problems. Some patients who take antibiotics may experience antibiotic-associated diarrhea, a condition that is not usually serious, but can be life-threatening in severe cases.  

Antibiotics can also cause other digestive side effects, such as nausea and vomiting. In some cases, side effects associated with antibiotics will subside on their own. In other cases, patients may require a different antibiotic to treat the problem. Symptoms of overdose can be similar to the medication’s side effects, but are usually more severe.

The widespread use of antibiotics has caused some forms of antibiotic resistance. The development of microbes that cannot be treated with any antibiotic is a serious health concern.

Patients should consult their physician before taking any additional prescriptions, over-the-counter medications, nutritional supplements or herbal medications while taking antibiotics. Patients also should discuss the potential risks and benefits of using antibiotics during pregnancy and breastfeeding.