Factors that may interfere with the accuracy of the ABG test include:

• Hyperventilation (rapid and deep breathing). This can cause lower than usual PaCO2 levels. While this is a symptom of several diseases, hyperventilation can also occur due to pain or anxiety.
  
  
• Smoking. Tobacco smoke contains about 2,000 gases and chemicals. These toxins can interfere with test results.
  
  
• Carbon monoxide inhalation. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is produced from the incomplete burning of fuels (e.g., from home furnaces, car engines and indoor barbecues). High CO levels in the body can cause CO poisoning and quickly lead to death. CO levels in the body will also affect an ABG test.

In addition, some types of medications may affect ABG results:

• Antacids (especially those containing bicarbonate).
  
  
• Diuretics. Medications that promote the formation of urine in the kidneys, causing the body to flush out fluids and minerals.
  
  
• Antibiotics. Medications that harm or kill microorganisms and are commonly used to treat infections.
  
  
• Corticosteroids. Anti-inflammatory medications containing steroids that are similar to the naturally occurring hormone cortisone.

Patients should tell their physician before the test about any medications they are taking.