The artificial pancreas is an experimental device that can automatically sense glucose (blood sugar) levels and provide insulin as needed. A person’s pancreas normally provides this function, which diabetes impairs or destroys.

The artificial pancreas builds on the functions of devices already used to treat diabetes. One element, the insulin pump, is designed to supply continual and sufficient insulin to the body. A second part, the continuous glucose meter, detects the amount of glucose in the blood. Currently, patients must first perform glucose monitoring before adjusting their insulin dosage.

An artificial pancreas uses a computer to calculate the amount of insulin needed and deliver it in a steady stream. In addition, it calculates larger bolus doses of insulin needed to compensate for meals.

The first clinical trial of an implanted artificial pancreas has begun. But it may be many years before this experimental device is demonstrated to be safe and effective and is approved for human use.

A correctly functioning artificial pancreas would allow the body to experience proper levels of glucose continually. It would also track glucose levels to predict when insulin is needed and automatically supply this hormonal medication. This would eliminate insulin-dosing errors for diabetic patients, regardless of food intake and activity level. It would also eliminate the need for manual glucose monitoring and insulin administration several times a day.

An artificial pancreas also could help prevent severe complications of diabetes, including blindness, amputation, kidney failure and diabetic coma.