Also known as primary cilia dyskinesia, immotile cilia syndrome is an inherited condition where tiny hair–like projections (cilia) fail to do their job of propelling mucus through the airways. As a result, mucus becomes lodged in the airways, blocking the respiratory tract. This allows dust, dirt and debris to accumulate and to potentially cause infection.

Immotile cilia syndrome symptoms include:

• Coughing
• Sputum (material expelled in coughing)
• Wheezing
• Breathing difficulties
• Chronic headaches

This condition can be difficult to diagnose because it mimics other, more common conditions, including cystic fibrosis, another lung disease. A physician may suspect immotile cilia syndrome in individuals who cough excessively and who suffer recurring bouts of bronchitis, sinusitis or pneumonia. Biopsy is the only definitive method of detecting this condition.

Treatment for immotile cilia syndrome is very similar to that for cystic fibrosis. A technique called chest physiotherapy (which involves placing the patient in various positions and applying percussion to the chest wall) is used to help clear the airways. Medications are also prescribed that help thin mucus. In addition, antibiotics may be used to treat any respiratory tract infections.