Vocal cord dysfunction occurs when the vocal cords become stuck in the closed position. Though not technically a lung disease, it frequently is misdiagnosed as asthma because it comes on suddenly and causes acute breathing difficulties and wheezing.

The major symptom is a shrill sound during breathing that resembles the sound a child makes during a case of croup (childhood viral disease). Other symptoms include:

• Breathing problems
• Difficulty speaking
• Wheezing during inhalation

Because this is frequently misdiagnosed as asthma, it may take several examinations before the true nature of the problem becomes clear. Usually, an ear, nose and throat specialist can make the diagnosis via careful examination of the vocal cords.

Vocal cord dysfunction usually resolves itself. However, in rare emergency situations a tracheotomy (emergency air incision of the trachea) may be necessary to relieve obstruction. This disorder often is associated with panic attacks, and anti–anxiety drugs may help reduce symptoms.