A significant amount of research is being conducted on autoimmune diseases, and clinical research studies into autoimmune diseases are receiving more attention than in times past. Much of this research is focused on better understanding the diseases and their causes.

Scientists anticipate that identifying potential disease triggers will allow the development of methods to prevent autoimmune diseases. The potential roles of pollutants, such as exposure to PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), heavy metals, pesticides, dioxins and hormonal compounds, are among the possible causes being explored.

Research is also under way to improve diagnostic abilities. This includes refining genetic tests and improving autoantibody testing to identify specific antibodies that attack certain cells in the body.

Physicians are also working to develop definitive diagnostic criteria for use in identifying additional specific types of autoimmune disease. With these criteria, it may be possible to provide more rapid diagnosis, start treatment sooner, reduce disease damage or its progression, and address patients’ frustration.

New treatment methods for autoimmune diseases are also being developed. One goal is the development of focused immunosuppressives that could reduce the negative side effects of certain medications. Scientists are trying to decrease the need for immunosuppressives after an islet cell transplant or organ transplant. Gene therapy is also being studied as a means to replace the function of damaged tissues and reduce the autoimmune response.