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A polyp is a bulging growth of extra tissue that develops inside the body from mucous membranes. It may resemble the head or stalk of a mushroom. Gastrointestinal polyps may develop in the esophagus, stomach, intestines or rectum. Most polyps are not dangerous and are benign (noncancerous).
Benign polyps may appear alone or in masses and can range in size from tiny to large enough to cause blockage. Some types of benign polyps include hyperplastic polyps, juvenile polyps and inflammatory polyps.
Benign polyps are common in both men and women, especially those over age 50. They are also more prevalent in industrialized nations. Other risk factors for developing polyps include a history of polyps, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, obesity and a diet high in fat and low in fiber.
Most benign polyps do not produce any symptoms. If symptoms are present, they may include blood in the stool, constipation, diarrhea and/or abdominal pain.
A physician may discover the presence of benign polyps during a routine physical examination that includes a digital rectal examination or while testing for another condition. Other types of diagnostic tests for detecting polyps include endoscopy and colonoscopy.
Over time, even some small benign polyps can change their tissue structure and become malignant (cancerous). Tips to help prevent polyps from forming include exercising daily, eating a high-fiber diet, maintaining a healthy body weight and refraining from smoking cigarettes and consuming excess alcohol. To prevent benign polyps from becoming malignant, physicians usually recommend prompt surgical removal of the growths, which is known as polypectomy. |
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