The exact cause of binge eating remains unclear. Experts believe that it results from a combination of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors. Some people with binge eating disorder (BED) may be prone to overeating because the part of their brain called the hypothalamus fails to register that they are full. Research also suggests that the neurotransmitter serotonin may play a role in binge eating.

In addition, several factors are known to be associated with this eating disorder. For example, obesity is commonly associated with BED. However, scientists remain unsure whether obesity causes binge eating or vice-versa.

Depression is also closely associated with BED. People with the condition often suffer from depression. As with obesity, it is unclear whether depression causes BED or vice-versa. Some studies have indicated that people who binge eat may have difficulty dealing with emotions and may eat when feeling angry, sad, bored or worried or during periods of stress.

Research also indicates that binge eating may have a genetic component. People are more likely to binge eat if an immediate family member also engages in the behavior.  However, family eating habits can affect those of its members.

Like other eating disorders, BED is closely associated with self-perceptions regarding body weight, appearance and body shape. For example, research shows that adolescents with poor body images are more likely to engage in unhealthy eating behaviors, including binge eating.  However, those who binge eat often have a poor body image as a result of it.