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The cause of bipolar disorder is not well understood. However, it appears that brain chemistry plays a major role in its development. Brain chemicals called neurotransmitters convey messages between the nerves.  Too many or too few neurotransmitters are believed to cause alterations in mood.

Bipolar disorder appears to have a genetic component, although the specific gene that may be linked to this condition has not been identified. Children are at greater risk for bipolar disorder if one or both parents have the disorder. In addition, a family history of substance abuse appears to be associated with a higher risk of developing bipolar disorder.

Some researchers believe that some people inherit a tendency to develop the illness, which may be then triggered by environmental factors (e.g., stressful life events, disturbances in circadian or seasonal rhythms). Other possible triggers include sleep deprivation and treatment with antidepressants and certain herbal and dietary supplements (e.g., St. John’s wort). Many drugs and other substances can produce the symptoms of bipolar disorder.