When taken correctly, birth control pills allow women the freedom to enjoy sex with only a minimal risk of becoming pregnant. Birth control pills also offer a number of significant health benefits when taken for at least 10 years, including a significantly lower risk of colorectal, uterine or ovarian cancer. However, they also carry an increased risk of blood clots, ischemic stroke and elevated blood pressure. There has also been widespread concern that birth control pills increase a women’s risk for breast cancer if taken for more than 10 years. However, the data on this are conflicting, and there is no solid link proven between breast cancer and oral contraception. In the long-term Nurses' Health Study, there was no link between breast cancer and even long-term use of birth control pills, while other studies have shown a tiny increase in risk.

Before prescribing birth control pills, a physician will typically conduct a medical history and discuss any risk factors for possible side effects. The most important risk factor is smoking. Many studies have confirmed that women over the age of 35 who smoke more than 15 cigarettes a day are at increased risk for a variety of negative side effects, including cardiovascular conditions. All women are also encouraged to follow-up with their gynecologist regularly.