The test itself will unfold differently depending on which procedure take place. When a central device is used, the patient lies down on a padded table for a few minutes while a mechanical arm-like device containing an imager passes over the body. The body does not come into contact with the device.

When a peripheral device is used, the patient inserts an arm or foot into the device for a few minutes while an image is captured.

In some cases, patients may also undergo a lateral vertebral assessment procedure. This is an additional low-dose x-ray that is used to locate fractures in a patient's spine. Such fractures often occur in older people, placing them at greater risk for future fractures. Physicians often recommend this extra x-ray for people who have lost more than 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) of height or who have unexplained back pain.

The entire test takes between 10 and 30 minutes. Patients may be asked to hold the body in positions that feel a bit awkward and uncomfortable. It is important that they remain as still as possible during these brief periods. Discomfort associated with bone densitometry is minor, and the test presents few risks to the patient .