• Hypertension is the medical term for high blood pressure (the force of blood against artery walls).Degenerative effects of aging 

  • High blood pressure (hypertension)

  • Past heart attack that damaged the heart muscle

  • Past viral infection

  • Valvular heart disease, particularly calcific aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve due to hardened calcium deposits)

  • One of several heart or lung conditions that may have affected the ventricles (e.g., heart failure, especially right-sided heart failure, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

  • Congenital condition (present since birth)

  • Past injury to the chest