Although cataracts are usually the result of the natural aging process, individuals can take several steps that may help prevent or delay the development of cataracts. People who are at risk for cataracts, such as older people and people with diabetes, should protect their eyes as much as possible. This may include taking steps such as:

• Wearing sunglasses that block at least 99 percent of ultraviolet light
  
  
• Wearing a hat with a wide brim to keep out the sun
  
  
• Never looking directly at the sun
  
  
• Avoiding sunlamps and tanning beds
  
  
• Avoiding sources of radiation

People may also be able to reduce their risk of developing cataracts by changing their lifestyle (e.g., stopping smoking, not abusing steroids or alcohol) and controlling high blood pressure and other diabetic risk factors.

Some studies have suggested that the risk of cataracts can be lowered by eating or avoiding certain types of foods. A diet rich in antioxidants such as vitamins E and C may help, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO). Some government research has noted a link between carbohydrates and cataracts that implies that restricting carbohydrate intake may reduce the risk of some forms of cataracts.

Women taking estrogen for hormone replacement therapy may reduce their risk of cataracts, according to the AAO. Hormone replacement therapy relieves symptoms of menopause and helps prevent osteoporosis, but risks include blood clots, stroke and breast cancer.

To promote early detection of cataracts and other eye diseases, high-risk patients, such as people with diabetes, should have a comprehensive eye exam regularly to check for cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and other disorders.

The American Diabetes Association recommends that people with diabetes have a dilated pupil exam:

• Annually if they are 30 or older
  
  
• Annually if they are between ages 10 and 29 and have had diabetes for at least five years
  
  
• When they have changes in vision
  
  
• When they are or plan to become pregnant