The cholesterol value in the human body can rise to abnormally high levels when someone eats a diet high in saturated fats or trans fats – especially when that person is obese or rarely exercises (even moderate exercise benefits the heart).

Unhealthy levels of cholesterol are dangerous because they are linked directly to coronary artery disease and hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Abnormal cholesterol levels have also been linked to the risk of heart attack and stroke. Researchers have developed guidelines to help patients understand their risk of heart attack. These guidelines are based on known risk factors, such as diabetes, smoking and obesity.

Diet and other lifestyle changes often have a powerful effect in helping to normalize cholesterol levels. However, medication may sometimes be necessary to bring cholesterol levels under control.