Cholesterol drugs improve levels of fats in the blood, including cholesterol and triglycerides. Unhealthy levels of fats in the bloodstream increase the risk of hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), heart attack, stroke, diabetes and other conditions.

Cholesterol drugs are frequently prescribed for diabetic individuals because diabetes increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disorders and many patients have abnormal levels of cholesterol.

There are five main categories of cholesterol medications: statins, bile acid resins, nicotinic acid, fibrates and cholesterol absorption inhibitors. Most are available only by prescription, except for nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3 (niacin), which is available over-the-counter. However, niacin still needs to be taken under the care of a physician to monitor possible side effects.

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommend the following cholesterol and triglyceride target levels for people with diabetes:

• LDL ("bad") cholesterol: Lower than 100 mg/dL for men and women
  
• HDL ("good") cholesterol: Greater than 40 mg/dL for men and 50 mg/dL for women.
  
• Triglycerides: Lower than 150 mg/dL for men and women

Some materials published by the ADA call for minimum HDL levels of 45 in diabetic men and 55 in diabetic women. Individuals should consult their physician about their cholesterol targets.

Some people can achieve target levels with diet and exercise. However, many require cholesterol medications to keep their levels within a healthy range and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.