Chromium is an essential mineral that boosts the activity of the hormone insulin and appears to play a direct role in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. It is found in certain enzymes in the body. Without adequate stores of chromium, blood sugar levels may rise and the person may develop a diabetes-like condition.

Chromium is not produced by the body and must be obtained through a person’s diet. At present, scientists do not completely understand which foods contain chromium. However, the best sources of chromium appear to be foods that are unrefined. Brewer’s yeast may be the single best source of chromium. This form of yeast is used in brewing and is a nutritional yeast ingredient in recipes and a condiment. However, consuming brewer’s yeast causes abdominal distension and nausea in some people.

It is very unlikely that a person will consume excessively harmful amounts of chromium from dietary sources because chromium is absorbed at low rates and excreted at high rates. People who have a deficiency of chromium may have impaired glucose tolerance. Other conditions that can cause chromium deficiency include malnutrition, acute exercise, infection, pregnancy and lactation, and stressful states such as physical trauma.

People who have chromium deficiencies may be treated with prescription chromium supplements. These are usually taken in tablet or capsule form, but they also may be injected.