Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Key Q&A

What is chronic fatigue?

Fatigue is characterized by more than just a feeling of tiredness. It may be defined as a complete lack of energy or feeling of debilitating tiredness. Chronic fatigue is fatigue that lasts for a long time, often defined as at least six months.

What is chronic fatigue syndrome?

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debilitating condition marked by profound, long-lasting fatigue and other symptoms that are not relieved by rest. The cause is unknown. The condition often starts abruptly but can develop gradually. Other symptoms related to CFS can include impaired concentration or short-term memory, sore throat and tender lymph nodes. Muscle pain, multiple joint pains without swelling or redness and headaches may also occur. Unrefreshing sleep and malaise lasting more than 24 hours after exertion are also common.

How common is chronic fatigue syndrome?

More than 1 million Americans have CFS, and tens of millions of people have similar conditions, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CFS can strike anyone but is much more common in women and usually occurs in early or middle adulthood.

What other conditions can be confused with chronic fatigue syndrome?

A wide range of disorders may cause similar symptoms. These include chronic mononucleosis, sleep disorders, hypothyroidism, lupus or other autoimmune diseases, infections, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, drug abuse, cancer or even obesity, according to the CDC.

How is chronic fatigue syndrome diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically begins with a doctor reviewing your medical history and performing a physical examination. The doctor may order blood tests, x-rays or other tests because CFS is considered a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning other potential causes of symptoms must be ruled out. You may be diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome if you have debilitating fatigue for at least six months that is not caused by another condition, and have at least four other symptoms from a list used as diagnostic criteria.

How is chronic fatigue syndrome treated?

There is no known cure or preventive method for CFS. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and helping you to adapt to the condition. Educating yourself also helps to understand the disease and adjust expectations. The treatment plan developed with the doctor can vary greatly, depending on your individual needs, symptoms and general health. Treatment options may include cognitive behavioral therapy, exercise therapy, stress management, energy conservation, and medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antidepressants.