Use the A-Z list to browse more than 6,000 health-related topics in our library. Clicking on a term opens the definition and, in most cases, links to more information.
"Clam Digger Itch" is more commonly referred to as "Swimmer Itch" in the medical community. Swimmer Itch
Also Known As: "Cercarial Dermatitis, Duckworms, Rice Paddy Itch"
Itchy, patchy, red pinpoint skin rash that affects parts of the body that have been in water. Itching may begin within 48 hours and last up to a week before ceasing. It is usually caused by trematode parasites of aquatic/migrating birds. More Information on Swimmer Itch: Dermatitis, Eczema & Hives
"Clap" is more commonly referred to as "Gonorrhea" in the medical community. Gonorrhea
Also Known As: "Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infection, Gonococcal Infections"
A common sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhea. Untreated, it can cause infertility or spread to the heart and brain. It is treated with antibiotics. More Information on Gonorrhea: STD & Genital Infections
"Clarithromycin" is more commonly referred to as "Macrolides" in the medical community. Macrolides
Also Known As: "Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Dirithromycin, Troleandomycin, Clindamycin"
Any drug of a class of antibiotics, medications that kill or slow the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria. They have no effect on viruses. More Information on Macrolides: Digestive Medications
"Clarks Nevi" is more commonly referred to as "Atypical Moles" in the medical community. Atypical Moles
Also Known As: "Atypical Nevi, Dysplastic Moles, Dysplastic Nevi, Atypical Nevus"
Moles that are larger than common moles, with borders that are irregular and poorly defined and that may vary in color. Can be precancerous and should be examined by a physician. More Information on Atypical Moles: Skin Growths
Also Known As: "Hemophilia A, Factor VIII Deficiency"
A type of hemophilia in which clotting factor VIII is low or missing in a patient. About 90 percent of people with hemophilia have this type. More Information on Classic Hemophilia: Anemia & Blood Disorders
"Classical Angina" is more commonly referred to as "Angina" in the medical community. Angina
Also Known As: "Angina Pectoris"
Chest pain usually caused by a lack of oxygen from restricted blood flow to the heart (cardiac ischemia). Pain may also spread to the neck, jaw or arm. It is the primary symptom of coronary artery disease. More Information on Angina: Chest & Related Pain
"Classical Lissencephaly" is more commonly referred to as "Miller Dieker Syndrome" in the medical community. Miller Dieker Syndrome
Also Known As: "Miller-Dieker Lissencephaly Syndrome, Agyria Syndrome, MDLS, Agyria Pachygyria Syndrome"
A multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome that primarily affects the brain. It may also include one or more congenital heart defects such as patent ductus arteriosus or ventricular septal defects. More Information on Miller Dieker Syndrome: Pediatric Heart
Also Known As: "Intermittent Claudication, Venous Claudication, Intensive Intermittent Claudication"
Pain or weakness in the limbs caused by restricted blood flow. It is a symptom of peripheral arterial disease. Early stages involve intermittent claudication, with symptoms appearing during physical activity. Later stages may lead to disability. More Information on Claudication: Heart Signs & Symptoms
Also Known As: "Clear Cell Carcinoma, Mesonephroma"
A rare tumor that usually appears in the female genital tract (e.g., ovaries, uterus, cervix or vagina). The inside of the cells of the tumor appear clear when examined by microscope. More Information on Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma: ObGyn Cancer
A rare tumor that usually appears in the female genital tract (e.g., ovaries, uterus, cervix or vagina). The inside of the cells of the tumor appear clear when examined by microscope. More Information on Clear Cell Carcinoma: ObGyn Cancer
A rare type of kidney cancer that can spread from the kidney to other organs, most commonly the bone, but also the lungs, brain and soft tissues of the body. More Information on Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney: Kidney, Liver & Urinary Cancer
Also Known As: "Orofacial Clefting, Clefting, Oral Clefting"
A birth defect characterized by a split in the lip and roof of the mouth. It can usually be corrected through surgery. More Information on Cleft Lip & Palate: Birth & Genetic Disorders
Also Known As: "Orofacial Clefting, Oral Clefting"
A birth defect characterized by a split in the lip and roof of the mouth. It can usually be corrected through surgery. More Information on Clefting: Birth & Genetic Disorders
"Clenching" is more commonly referred to as "Bruxism" in the medical community. Bruxism
Also Known As: "Teeth Grinding"
Involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth, particularly while asleep. It can result in tooth wear, pain in the jaw muscles and headaches. More Information on Bruxism: Tooth Decay & Damage
"Clenching in Children" is more commonly referred to as "Bruxism in Children" in the medical community. Bruxism in Children
Also Known As: "Teeth Grinding in Children"
Involuntary clenching or grinding of the teeth, particularly during sleep. Children under 5 have the highest rates of bruxism. Most outgrow the condition by age 10, but others may require treatment to prevent jaw pain or tooth damage. More Information on Bruxism in Children: Pediatric Dental
A brand of antibiotics, medications that kill or slow the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria. They have no effect on viruses. They are used to treat some heart infections and to prevent infections in high-risk patients. More Information on Cleocin: Heart Drug & Medication
"Climacteric" is more commonly referred to as "Perimenopause" in the medical community. Perimenopause
The transitional time before menopause, marked by a decreased production of estrogen and progesterone, irregular menstrual periods and psychological changes. More Information on Perimenopause: Menopause & HRT
"Clindamycin" is more commonly referred to as "Macrolides" in the medical community. Macrolides
Also Known As: "Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Dirithromycin, Clarithromycin, Troleandomycin"
Any drug of a class of antibiotics, medications that kill or slow the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria. They have no effect on viruses. More Information on Macrolides: Digestive Medications
Physical examination of the breast by a physician or other health professional for lumps or suspicious changes. It is generally performed along with a pelvic exam and Pap smear as part of an annual gynecological exam. More Information on Clinical Breast Examination: Breast Health
"Clinical Depression" is more commonly referred to as "Major Depression" in the medical community. Major Depression
Also Known As: "Major Depressive Episode, Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Episode, Depression, Unipolar Depression"
A feeling of intense sadness that lasts most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks. It requires active clinical observation and treatment. More Information on Major Depression: Depression & Bipolar
"Clinical Medical Thermography" is more commonly referred to as "Medical Thermography" in the medical community. Medical Thermography
Also Known As: "Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging, Medical Infrared Thermography, Medical DITI"
A diagnostic tool that creates a digital display of temperature differences, which helps to determine areas of disease. More Information on Medical Thermography: Heart Imaging & Rhythm Tests
Human studies to determine if a new treatment is effective compared to current therapies, and whether the benefits outweigh the risks. Clinical trials are essential to develop new and better treatment methods. More Information on Clinical Trials: Healthcare Basics
"Clitoridectomy" is more commonly referred to as "Female Genital Mutilation" in the medical community. Female Genital Mutilation
Also Known As: "FGM, Female Circumcision, Clitoridotomy, Female Infibulation, Female Genital Cutting"
Removal of part or all of the female genitalia. A controversial practice usually performed before age 8 in some cultures. Types include infibulation, clitoridectomy and clitoridotomy. More Information on Female Genital Mutilation: Vaginal & Cervical Health
"Clitoridotomy" is more commonly referred to as "Female Genital Mutilation" in the medical community. Female Genital Mutilation
Also Known As: "FGM, Female Circumcision, Female Infibulation, Female Genital Cutting, Clitoridectomy"
Removal of part or all of the female genitalia. A controversial practice usually performed before age 8 in some cultures. Types include infibulation, clitoridectomy and clitoridotomy. More Information on Female Genital Mutilation: Vaginal & Cervical Health
A small organ of erectile issue located in front of the vagina that is involved in sexual pleasure and orgasm. More Information on Clitoris: Vaginal & Cervical Health
Painful, long-term, recurring erection of the clitoris, or abnormal enlargement of the clitoris. More Information on Clitorism: Vaginal & Cervical Health
Enlargement of the clitoris. May be due to an endocrine disorder or to use of anabolic steroids. More Information on Clitoromegaly: Vaginal & Cervical Health
"CLL" is more commonly referred to as "Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia" in the medical community. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Also Known As: "Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia, CLL Leukemia"
A chronic leukemia that involves the abnormal growth of body cells called lymphocytes. It can cause immune system problems but does not affect blood cell production as profoundly as acute lymphocytic leukemia. It is more common in older adults. More Information on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Leukemia & Bone Cancer
"CLL Leukemia" is more commonly referred to as "Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia" in the medical community. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Also Known As: "Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia, CLL"
A chronic leukemia that involves the abnormal growth of body cells called lymphocytes. It can cause immune system problems but does not affect blood cell production as profoundly as acute lymphocytic leukemia. It is more common in older adults. More Information on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Leukemia & Bone Cancer
Also Known As: "Oriental Liver Fluke Infection, Chinese Liver Fluke Infection, Clonorchis Sinensis Infection"
A parasitic disease caused by the trematode Clonorchis sinensis, or Chinese liver fluke. It can be transmitted to humans through eating raw, smoked or undercooked fish. More Information on Clonorchiasis: Parasitic Disease
Also Known As: "Clonorchis Sinensis Infection, Clonorchiasis, Oriental Liver Fluke Infection, Chinese Liver Fluke Infection"
A parasitic disease caused by the trematode Clonorchis sinensis, or Chinese liver fluke. It can be transmitted to humans through eating raw, smoked or undercooked fish. More Information on Clonorchis Infection: Parasitic Disease
Also Known As: "Clonorchiasis, Oriental Liver Fluke Infection, Chinese Liver Fluke Infection"
A parasitic disease caused by the trematode Clonorchis sinensis, or Chinese liver fluke. It can be transmitted to humans through eating raw, smoked or undercooked fish. More Information on Clonorchis Sinensis Infection: Parasitic Disease
"Closed CT" is more commonly referred to as "CAT Scan" in the medical community. CAT Scan
Also Known As: "CT Scan, Chest Computed Tomography, Computed Axial Tomography, Open CT, Sinus Computed Tomography, Computed Tomography, Spiral CAT Scan"
Computed axial tomography (CAT Scan or CT Scan) allows for multiple x-rays to be taken from different angles around the patient. More Information on CAT Scan: Imaging Tests
"Closed Fractures" is more commonly referred to as "Fractures" in the medical community. Fractures
Also Known As: "Simple Fractures, Oblique Fractures, Compound Fractures, Stress Fractures, Open Fractures, Impacted Fractures, Converse Fractures"
A break, rupture or crack - especially in bone or cartilage - that is often painful. Most often caused by trauma, fractures may remain under the skin (closed) or break through (open). Types include: simple, compound, impacted, oblique, stress and converse. More Information on Fractures: Infection & Trauma Pain
Any injury in which there is trauma to the brain, but the skull remains intact. It is usually caused by the blunt force of an object striking the head. One common type is a concussion. More Information on Closed Head Injury: Head & Spine Injury
Any of various bacteria of the genus Clostridium, such as the nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in soil. They may cause botulism and tetanus. More Information on Clostridial: Infectious Disease Basics
"Clostridium Botulinum" is more commonly referred to as "Botulism" in the medical community. Botulism
Also Known As: "Clostridium Botulinum Infection"
Severe food poisoning caused by a bacterial toxin that may cause muscle weakness and paralysis. More Information on Botulism: Bioterror Related Diseases
"Clostridium Botulinum Infection" is more commonly referred to as "Botulism" in the medical community. Botulism
Also Known As: "Clostridium Botulinum"
Severe food poisoning caused by a bacterial toxin that may cause muscle weakness and paralysis. More Information on Botulism: Bioterror Related Diseases
A type of bacteria normally present in the large intestine. After the use of some antibiotics, they can become too numerous, causing problems such as diarrhea and colitis. More Information on Clostridium Difficile: Gastroenteritis & Food Illness
"Clostridium Difficile Infection" is more commonly referred to as "C Difficile Infection" in the medical community. C Difficile Infection
An infection that occurs when bacteria normally present in the large intestine become too numerous, usually following use of some antibiotics. Usually relatively mild, serious cases can be fatal, particularly in elderly patients. More Information on C Difficile Infection: Gastroenteritis & Food Illness
Food poisoning caused by contaminated meats and associated with watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps. More Information on Clostridium Perfringens Food Poisoning: Gastroenteritis & Food Illness
"Clostridium Tetani Infection" is more commonly referred to as "Tetanus" in the medical community. Tetanus
Also Known As: "Tetanus Disease, Lockjaw"
A dangerous and difficult to treat bacterial infection that causes muscles, mainly in the neck and jaw, to spasm and rigidly contract. It typically enters the body through wounds and is frequently and effectively prevented with vaccinations. More Information on Tetanus: Brain Related Infections
"Clostridum Botulinim A Exotoxin" is more commonly referred to as "Botox" in the medical community. Botox
Also Known As: "BTX, Botulinum Toxin Type A, Botulinum Exotoxin, Botulinum Toxin"
A substance that is injected into the muscles of the face to minimize the appearance of furrows and lines by causing the muscle to relax. More Information on Botox: Skin & Aging
"Clove Cigarettes" is more commonly referred to as "Other Smoking Products" in the medical community. Other Smoking Products
Also Known As: "Bidis"
Along with cigarettes and other smoked tobacco products, ''smokeless'' chewing tobacco and ''snuff'' are harmful to the body. People who smoke non-tobacco products (e.g., marijuana) also face serious health risks. More Information on Other Smoking Products: Smoking & Tobacco
"Cloxacillin" is more commonly referred to as "Penicillins" in the medical community. Penicillins
Also Known As: "Oxacillin, Ticarcillin, Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, Amoxicillin, Carbenicillin, Ampicillin"
A class of antibiotics, medications that kill or slow the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria. They have no effect on viruses. Examples include penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin and dicloxacillin, among others. More Information on Penicillins: Cold & Infections Medications
Also Known As: "Ziprasidone, Aripiprazole, Olanzapine, Risperidone, Quetiapine, Sertindole"
A type of medication belonging to the drug class called atypical antipsychotics. It may be used in the treatment of schizophrenia and acute manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder More Information on Clozapine: Psychiatric Medications
"CLPD" is more commonly referred to as "Lymphoproliferative Disorders" in the medical community. Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Also Known As: "LPD, Acute Lymphoproliferative Disorders, Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorders, ALPD"
Conditions in which the body lymphatic cells grow, are overproduced or act abnormally. It can be chronic or acute. While not a form of cancer, these disorders are often treated the same as cancers of the lymphatic system. More Information on Lymphoproliferative Disorders: Lymphoma (Hodgkin's & Non)
Recreational drugs popular in dance clubs, parties and concerts. Often taken to increase stamina for dancing and partying or given as rape drugs. They include marijuana, LSD, ketamine, fentanyl, rohypenol, amphetamines and methamphetamines. More Information on Club Drugs: Alcohol & Substance Abuse
"Cluster A Personality Disorders" is more commonly referred to as "Personality Disorders" in the medical community. Personality Disorders
Also Known As: "Cluster B Personality Disorders, Cluster C Personality Disorders"
Psychiatric conditions that include chronic behavior patterns that cause patients to struggle with everyday stresses and problems, and to have stormy relationships. They tend to be difficult to treat. More Information on Personality Disorders: Personality Disorders
"Cluster B Personality Disorders" is more commonly referred to as "Personality Disorders" in the medical community. Personality Disorders
Also Known As: "Cluster C Personality Disorders, Cluster A Personality Disorders"
Psychiatric conditions that include chronic behavior patterns that cause patients to struggle with everyday stresses and problems, and to have stormy relationships. They tend to be difficult to treat. More Information on Personality Disorders: Personality Disorders
"Cluster C Personality Disorders" is more commonly referred to as "Personality Disorders" in the medical community. Personality Disorders
Also Known As: "Cluster A Personality Disorders, Cluster B Personality Disorders"
Psychiatric conditions that include chronic behavior patterns that cause patients to struggle with everyday stresses and problems, and to have stormy relationships. They tend to be difficult to treat. More Information on Personality Disorders: Personality Disorders
Also Known As: "Horton's Headache, Migrainous Neuralgia, Sphenopalatine Neuralgia, Red Migraine, Cephalalgia Neuralgia"
Headache that usually occurs suddenly in or around one eye and can last from a few minutes to several hours. Called cluster because they tend to occur in a group, which may last several months before disappearing. More Information on Cluster Headache: Headache & Migraine
"Clustered Water" is more commonly referred to as "Structured Water" in the medical community. Structured Water
Also Known As: "Oxygenated Water, Activated Water, Hexagonal Water, Pentagonal Water, Alkanized Water, Hydrogenated Water, Super Ionized Water"
Waters which supposedly have nutritional or spiritual value based on the physical structure of the water's atoms. These claims are widely rejected by the scientific community. More Information on Structured Water: Water & Hydration
"CML" is more commonly referred to as "Chronic Myeloid Leukemia" in the medical community. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Also Known As: "Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia, CML Leukemia, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia"
A form of leukemia that involves overproduction of granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). It has three phases: chronic phase (largely manageable), accelerated phase (more resistant) and "blasts" crisis phase (similar to acute myeloid leukemia). More Information on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Leukemia & Bone Cancer
"CML Leukemia" is more commonly referred to as "Chronic Myeloid Leukemia" in the medical community. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Also Known As: "Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia, CML"
A form of leukemia that involves overproduction of granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). It has three phases: chronic phase (largely manageable), accelerated phase (more resistant) and "blasts" crisis phase (similar to acute myeloid leukemia). More Information on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Leukemia & Bone Cancer
"CMT" is more commonly referred to as "Charcot Marie Tooth Disease" in the medical community. Charcot Marie Tooth Disease
Also Known As: "Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy, HMSN, CMT Disease, Peroneal Muscular Atrophy"
A group of genetic disorders affecting the normal function of the peripheral nerves, which conduct messages from the brain to the limbs. It is most often diagnosed in adolescence. There is no cure, but those affected have a normal life expectancy. More Information on Charcot Marie Tooth Disease: Pediatric Brain & Nerve
"CMT Disease" is more commonly referred to as "Charcot Marie Tooth Disease" in the medical community. Charcot Marie Tooth Disease
Also Known As: "Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy, HMSN, Peroneal Muscular Atrophy, CMT"
A group of genetic disorders affecting the normal function of the peripheral nerves, which conduct messages from the brain to the limbs. It is most often diagnosed in adolescence. There is no cure, but those affected have a normal life expectancy. More Information on Charcot Marie Tooth Disease: Pediatric Brain & Nerve
"CMV" is more commonly referred to as "Cytomegalovirus" in the medical community. Cytomegalovirus
Any of a group of herpes viruses that enlarge epithelial cells. Infection is commonplace but usually not serious. However, infection is dangerous in pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems. More Information on Cytomegalovirus: Infectious Disease Basics
