Colds and the flu (influenza) are common, contagious respiratory illnesses that primarily affect the nose and throat. They cause symptoms such as a sore throat, runny or stuffy nose and coughing. Colds and the flu occur most often between the months of August and May. Most of these infections are mild and resolve without treatment within a week or two.

Contrary to some popular notions, going outside in the cold without a jacket, or with wet hair, does not cause colds or the flu. In order to develop these conditions, a person must first come into contact with a cold or flu virus – usually as a result of contact with germs released after an infected person sneezes or coughs. There are hundreds of different viruses that can cause colds and the flu.

Children are more susceptible than adults to catching a cold or the flu. This may be due to their immature immune systems and the environments in which they may be exposed to germs (e.g., daycare, playgrounds, school). In addition, symptoms of a cold or the flu may develop into more serious conditions, such as pneumonia, ear infections and sinusitis, which can be dangerous for young children.

Diagnosis of a cold or the flu may include a thorough medical history as well as a physical examination. It is not usually necessary to run additional tests to diagnose a cold or the flu, but these tests may help identify other conditions that may be causing the symptoms.

There is no cure for the common cold or the flu. Antibiotics are not effective for viral infections such as colds or the flu. Most treatments aim to reduce or eliminate symptoms. These include over-the-counter and prescription medications – although parents should always consult their child’s pediatrician before providing any medication. All medications (prescription and over-the-counter) have side effects that can be dangerous in children. Other remedies that may help alleviate symptoms of a cold or the flu include saline nose drops, a warm bath, sitting in a steam-filled bathroom, a cool-mist humidifier and chicken soup.

A flu vaccine is available and recommended for infants between the ages of 6 months and 59 months. It may help prevent certain strains of flu each year. Parents should consult with their physician about the best time for their child to begin receiving flu vaccines.