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Children have an increased risk of contracting viral infections such as colds and the flu (influenza). Children experience an average of eight to 10 colds per year within the first two years of life, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. Even after age 2, children may continue to contract colds much more often than adults.

This is mostly due to their exposure to large numbers of other children (e.g., at school, the playground or daycare facilities) and, thus, an increased potential of coming into contact with a virus. Children cared for at daycare facilities experience significantly higher rates of viral infections than children cared for at home. Viruses are easily spread via school desks, toys and video games that children may share.

Viral infections in children – especially in those under 5 years old – may be particularly worrisome since young children are more likely to become seriously ill as a result of the flu. Aspirin should not be used in children, especially when a child has a viral infection, due to the risk of the rare Reye syndrome. Over-the-counter cold and flu medications have not been approved for use in children younger than age 2. Studies have found that such medications provide little, if any, symptom relief for this population and, in some cases, can be life-threatening.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended that infants between the ages of 6 months and 59 months receive a flu vaccine every year. The vaccine may also be necessary for children living in households where other family members may become seriously ill if exposed to a flu virus (e.g., pregnant women, adults over age 65, anyone with a compromised immune system).