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For both colds and allergies, prevention centers on lessening the risk of exposure to the allergens, viruses or bacteria that lead to symptoms. In the case of colds, this involves keeping the immune system at peak performance by maintaining a rested, exercised and well-nourished body. The risk of introducing bacteria or viruses into the body can also be reduced by washing hands frequently. However, not all colds and infections can be prevented.

Prevention of allergic reactions can be more complex, depending on the type of allergens to which a person is sensitive. It is not completely understood why some people develop allergies and other do not. Therefore, it is not currently known how a person can prevent developing an allergic condition. There is some evidence to suggest that breastfeeding helps prevent children from developing food allergies and eczema. However, this link is not yet proven.

Prevention strategies for people with allergies focus on reducing the frequency or severity of allergic reactions. Total avoidance of any known allergens is the only treatment that can completely prevent an allergic reaction from occurring. However, avoiding an allergen is often difficult when the allergen is constantly present or an individual is highly sensitive.