Scientists are undertaking much research about colorectal cancer, including clinical trials of medications and other treatments that may improve the detection and treatment of the disease. Areas of focus include:

• Tumor growth factors. Growth factors are hormone-like substances in the body that encourage growth of cells. Researchers have identified several growth factors associated with colorectal cancer and are developing drugs to control these growth factors. New drugs that interfere with the formation of blood vessels, which supply nutrition to tumors, are also being studied in clinical trials.
  
  
• Chemoprevention. Use of natural or synthetic chemicals to reduce a person’s risk of cancer. Scientists are studying whether fiber, minerals and vitamins and can help prevent colorectal cancer. Research also focuses on the development of new drugs for chemoprevention.
  
  
• Genetics. Researchers are learning more about gene mutations and hereditary conditions associated with colorectal cancers. They are trying to develop tests of stool samples that reveal genetic risk factors and to develop genetic treatments.
  
  
• Immunotherapy. Use of the patient’s immune system to attack colorectal cancer. Vaccines and injections to bolster immune reactions are being studied.
  
  
• Diet and nutrition. Researchers continue to examine the association of diet with colorectal cancer. Certain foods, particularly red meat, appear to increase the risk of colorectal cancer, while fiber may lower the risk. Other elements, such as calcium,  folic acid and large amounts of vitamin D may help reduce the risk of the disease. Studies continue to evaluate the role of these elements in the cause and prevention of thee disease.