Test Your Knowledge

Usually, colds do not require the care of a physician and will disappear without treatment within a week or so. Nonetheless, more people visit physicians regarding cold symptoms than for any other illness, according to the American Lung Association. People should visit a physician if cold symptoms are unusually severe or persist for long periods of time.

A physician may perform a complete physical examination and compile a thorough medical history when diagnosing a cold. In addition, various tests may be performed to rule out other conditions that could be responsible for the patient’s symptoms.

There is no cure for the common cold. Antibiotics are ineffective in treating colds because these medications have no effect on viruses. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications used to treat colds include decongestants and antihistamines. Cough suppressants and combination medications that treat congestion, cough and nasal discharge also are available. Pain relief medications may also be used.   

These OTC medications may help reduce the symptoms associated with colds. However, these drugs do not shorten the duration of colds and many experts advise against them because of side effects they may cause such as drowsiness, dizziness, insomnia or upset stomach. Medications such as decongestants can cause problems such as chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the inside of the nose when used incorrectly. Some studies have shown that many of these medications provide minimal benefits, if any.

In addition, patients with certain medical conditions may be advised not to use certain types of cold relief medications. For example, people with thyroid disease, high blood pressure and other conditions should not take decongestants, and children should never take aspirin (which can cause Reye syndrome, a potentially fatal illness). People are urged to remember that no medication should be taken without first consulting a physician.

People with colds are urged to drink plenty of the right types of liquids. Eight glasses of water and/or juice per day are recommended to keep the lining of the nose and throat from drying out. This will keep mucus moist and easy to clear from the nose. In contrast, fluids that dehydrate the body should be avoided. These include alcohol and drinks that contain caffeine (e.g., coffee, tea or soft drinks).

It is also best to avoiding smoking and to stay away from others while they smoke. Inhaling smoke further irritates the throat, causing increased coughing.

Many supplements have been promoted as having the power to cure or prevent colds. These include echinacea, eucalyptus, garlic, honey, lemon, menthol, zinc, and vitamin C. To date, none of these products has been scientifically demonstrated to treat or prevent common colds.