The condom is a sheath (cover) that forms a barrier to prevent pregnancy or the transfer of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) during sexual intercourse. There are male and female versions, but the male condom is more commonly used.

Male condoms are placed over the male’s erect penis before the penis comes into contact with any part of the partner’s body. They are made of latex rubber, lamb intestines (lambskin or natural condoms) or a type of plastic known as polyurethane. Lambskin condoms are not recommended for disease prevention because they have tiny holes that allow viruses to pass through.

Currently, there is only one female condom available. Made of polyurethane, the female condom consists of an inner ring and an outer ring. The inner ring, which has a closed end, is placed inside the vagina. The outer ring, which is the condom’s open end, is left outside the vagina.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) estimates that in the United States, the failure of male condoms results in about 11 pregnancies per 100 women. However, the female condom is less effective. It is linked with approximately 21 pregnancies out of every 100 women. The female condom also offers less protection against disease. According to the FDA, the male latex condom is the most effective method for reducing the risk of infection from HIV and other STDs (with the exception of abstinence). However, the risk of pregnancy or contracting a disease relies on correct and consistent use of condoms.

Women who use other forms of contraception, such as birth control pills or a diaphragm, are encouraged to have their partner use condoms as well. Condoms should be used with other forms of birth control because they offer the best protection against STDs.