There are numerous techniques a person may use to prevent pregnancy. Known as contraception, these methods prevent pregnancy by blocking sperm from meeting an egg, or by preventing a fertilized egg from implanting and developing within the uterus (womb). 

The majority of contraceptive methods are designed for use by women, and most do not permanently alter a woman’s ability to conceive. Contraceptives can be divided into five main categories:

• Barrier methods (e.g., condoms, diaphragm, spermicides)
• Hormonal methods (e.g., birth control pills)
• Natural methods (e.g., rhythm method)
• Sterilization (e.g., tubal ligation, vasectomy)
• Abstinence from sexual intercourse

Each method offers a unique set of advantages and disadvantages. Potential risks and side effects, cost, availability and convenience are among the factors that should be weighed when choosing a contraceptive method.

Protection from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is another important factor to consider. The majority of contraceptive methods do not prevent the spread of these diseases. With the exception of continuous abstinence (not having intercourse at all), male latex condoms offer the best protection against STDs. They should always be used with other forms of contraception (except female condoms) to prevent the transmission of STDs.