Controlling type 2 diabetes requires a combined approach of proper diet, sufficient exercise, weight maintenance and possibly medication.

Dietary guidelines are now focusing more on limiting carbohydrates as well as reducing calorie intake by paying attention to portion size. Consumption of simple sugars, either as additives in food or beverages, or those that are naturally occurring, will cause an immediate rise in blood sugar. Certain carbohydrates, like those found in bread and breakfast cereals, are rapidly converted by the body into sugar. The rate at which the body converts food to blood sugar is known as the "glycemic index." Paying attention to these factors can improve control of type 2 diabetes.

Many (but not all) diabetics will find that vigorous exercise will lower their blood sugar levels. During exercise we use blood sugar and burn calories while at the same time creating more muscle. As the lean body mass (basically the amount of muscle in the body) increases, metabolism increases, making it easier to maintain body weight and burn calories even more efficiently.

The ADA recommends that type 2 diabetics (with their physician's permission) perform resistance exercise three times per week, targeting all major muscle groups. This should progress to three sets of 8 to 10 repetitions at a weight that cannot be lifted more than 8 to 10 times. This phase of exercise should be supervised by a trained professional when possible.

Taking medication for type 2 diabetes can pose a challenge because multiple medications are often needed and administered at different times. A weekly pill dispenser can prevent confusion and help people remember the proper time to take each pill.