Copper is a mineral found in all body tissues that plays several vital roles in the body. It is necessary for the body’s ability to absorb and use the mineral iron. It also helps deactivate free radicals, which are pieces of molecules that bind together to damage body tissues. Copper also helps the body create collagen, heals wounds and is essential to many of the metabolic reactions that release energy for bodily processes.

Most people in the United States can easily obtain adequate amounts of copper through a well-balanced diet. However, people who receive too little or too much copper may be at risk for certain health conditions.

Deficiency of copper is usually the result of genetic problems. Some people who ingest high levels of zinc or vitamin C also may hamper the body’s ability to absorb copper. Copper deficiency rarely results from too little copper in the diet. People who have copper deficiency may experience abnormal heartbeat, bone abnormalities and impaired functioning of the immune system.

High levels of copper are extremely rare in the United States. When they do occur, they are usually the result of genetic disorders. Taking excessive levels of copper supplements can also result in toxicity. People who obtain too much copper may experience liver, kidney or neurological damage.

Dietary copper is found in several food sources, including organ meats (e.g., liver and kidneys), shellfish (e.g., oysters), nuts, seeds and whole grains. Cooking in copper pots also boosts the copper content of foods, and water may provide copper depending on the type of plumbing pipe and the hardness of water.