Animal studies have shown an increased incidence of birth defects in animals given large amounts of topical corticosteroids. However, studies on birth defects have not been performed in humans.  It is believed that topical corticosteroids do not present a problem in pregnant women when used as directed.

Animal studies have also demonstrated that oral and intravenous use of corticosteroids during pregnancy can cause birth defects. Using a higher dosage of corticosteroids has also been shown to cause unwanted effects during a pregnancy, including slower infant growth and adrenal gland problems. These problems were more likely to occur if the higher dosage was taken in the first trimester.

Most physicians agree that the rewards of using corticosteroids on some types of conditions often outweigh the risks. However, pregnant women should always discuss the use of corticosteroids with their physician before using the medication.

Women who are breastfeeding should exercise caution when nursing. Though most types of corticosteroids do pass into breast milk, they are generally present at such low levels that they do not affect the infant. However, the corticosteroid dexamethasone has been linked to slow growth in nursing infants when used by the mother. Breastfeeding mothers should consult their physicians before taking corticosteroids. In addition, topical corticosteroids should not be applied to the breasts before nursing.