A decongestant is a type of drug that relieves symptoms associated with nasal swelling, congestion and mucus secretion. These symptoms include runny nose, coughing, sneezing, red, teary eyes, stuffiness within the ears and even snoring. Decongestants are often used to treat symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis (hay fever), non-allergic rhinitis (cold and flu), allergic conjunctivitis and sinusitis.

Most decongestants are available over-the-counter (OTC). Several different brands are available, most using the ingredients pseudoephedrine or naphazoline. They are available in tablets, capsules, liquid, eye drops and nasal sprays. The nasal spray is often the preferred form, because it can deliver the medication to the specific problem area for quicker relief of symptoms with fewer side effects.

Because of interactions with some other medications (e.g., beta blockers, MAO inhibitors), individuals taking other drugs should consult their physicians before using a decongestant. The risk of increased blood pressure may also prevent individuals with some medical conditions (e.g., heart disease, high blood pressure, glaucoma) from using decongestants.

Rebound congestion (also known as rhinitis medicamentosa) can occur if a decongestant nasal spray is used for longer or more frequently than is directed. This condition produces symptoms of congestion very similar to the ones being treated. Individuals should not use decongestant nasal sprays for longer than three to five days.

Many parts of the United States have begun to pass laws aimed at keeping OTC medications that contain ephedrine and pseudoephedrine behind the counter – rather than on store shelves – due to widespread abuse of these drugs. In some areas it may now be necessary to ask a store clerk or pharmacist for assistance when purchasing these medications. Some stores may also require the customer to be 18 years of age or older and limit the amount of medication that can be bought at one time.