Most cases do not require surgery and can instead be treated effectively with nonsurgical techniques, such as:

• Physical therapy. Physical therapy has numerous benefits, including helping to improve posture, strengthening the muscles supporting the back and improving flexibility. Stronger spinal muscles may transmit less pressure to the intervertebral discs. 
  
  
• Exercise. Regular physical activity strengthens the muscles of the back, reduces strain on the back by strengthening muscles of the abdomen, arms and legs and reduces the risk of muscle spasms. People who perform weight-bearing exercises can prevent the loss of bone mass due to osteoporosis. This will reduce the risk of compression fractures. Aerobic exercise also promotes the release of endorphins, a natural chemical in the body that combats pain.
  
  
• Modalities. Physical agents such as those used in thermotherapy, hydrotherapy, cryotherapy or electrical therapy may reduce pain and increase range of motion and function. A physician should be consulted before trying such methods.
  
  
• Limitation of activity. Certain movements or activities may aggravate pain during acute flare-ups.  Activities such as twisting, prolonged sitting and rotating may worsen pain. Some short-term rest may be advisable early. However, patients should not rest for more a few days. Too much rest weakens back muscles and prohibits patients from maintaining the muscle tone they need to recover.
  
  
• Medication. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatories such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help relieve both inflammation and pain. Medications such as acetaminophen can also help relieve pain but do not reduce inflammation.
  
  In cases of more severe pain, an epidural steroid injection may be performed. This is an injection of corticosteroids, typically given once a month for three months, into the epidural space under x-ray guidance. This treatment is very effective in helping suppress inflammation.  The injections are administered into the area around the spinal nerves, providing quick and substantial relief for many patients.
  
  Other medications that may help relieve pain brought on by degenerative disc disease include:
  
  
• • Anticonvulsants. Drugs primarily used to treat seizures. They may also be effective in treating certain types of pain associated with herniated discs. Anticonvulsants are often prescribed with analgesics (pain relievers).
    
    
  • Antidepressants. Some antidepressants can relieve pain and assist with sleep.
    

Patients should not take any medication without first consulting a physician. Though medications can be effective in relieving pain and reducing inflammation, they cannot stop the degenerative process that occurs with degenerative disc disease.