A dental examination is a process in which a dentist examines the teeth and gums for signs of disease or irregularity. It may also include a dental cleaning, as well as evaluation of the patient’s head and neck area. Significant changes or findings are recorded in a patient’s dental records.  

The dental examination is typically performed by a general dentist who is either a doctor of dental medicine (DMD) or doctor of dental surgery (DDS). Both designations indicate similar education and training. Which title a dentist uses depends on the school attended.  Some schools use the DMD designation, while others use DDS.

A general dentist provides primary diagnosis, treatment and coordination of dental care for patients of all ages. If a dental examination indicates certain types of treatment are needed (e.g., a root canal), the patient may be referred to a specialist (e.g., an endodontist). Dental cleanings may be performed by a general dentist or a dental hygienist.  

Regular dental examinations are important even for patients with good at-home dental hygiene practices. A dentist may be able to identify tooth or gum problems at an early stage, when they are easier to treat. Problems such as tooth decay may not become apparent to the patient (e.g., cause pain) until they are significant.

Dental experts recommend that patients visit a dentist for an examination and cleaning twice a year. Some people may need to make more frequent visits to the dentist, depending on a person’s individual dental care needs. Patients should consult their dentist about the frequency of their visits.

Patients should mention any health concerns or conditions they may have to the dentist, even if they do not necessarily involve the teeth or gums. Some medical conditions, such as heart murmurs or artificial joints, may require patients to take antibiotics before a dental examination as a preventative against infection.