Most children will experience dental health problems that require professional care. In some cases, these problems are discovered during a routine visit to the dentist. In other cases, children may complain of tooth pain, which is a sign that a visit to the dentist is warranted. Pain usually can be treated with a non-aspirin painkiller (e.g., ibuprofen). However, parents should not give their children any medication without first consulting a physician or dentist.

In most cases, dental pain is the result of a cavity that needs to be filled. Cavities – also known as caries – are the most common chronic condition among children in the United States, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. Among 3-year-olds, 18.7 percent have at least one tooth with a cavity that has yet to be treated. By age 8, 51.6 percent have an unfilled cavity or at least one filling. Children who were born prematurely or who had a low birth weight are at increased risk for cavities. Other factors that increase the risk of cavities include:

• Inadequate brushing and flossing
• History of ongoing health care needs
• White spots or brown areas on teeth
• Failure to regularly see the dentist
• Poor socioeconomic status

Silver, a silver-colored alloy, is the most frequently used material for filling cavities, although composite resins and other materials are becoming more popular. These materials bond to the teeth, preventing fillings from popping out. Resin materials can also be used to reconstruct damaged teeth. Composite resins are the same color as teeth, making them a more attractive option to those who are concerned about the cosmetic appearance of their fillings.

Children who have crooked teeth or a bite that is misaligned may benefit from orthodontic treatment in the form of braces. In the past, these were made of metals and wire. Today, plastic-based materials are often used. Children as young as age 7 are candidates for braces.

Sometimes, an accident will jar a tooth loose. Parents should seek immediate emergency help if the child’s:

• Permanent tooth is knocked loose
• Jaw has swelling or pain, which may indicate a fracture
• Gums continue to bleed despite applying pressure

A loose tooth can usually be successfully reimplanted if the procedure is performed within 30 minutes after the tooth falls out. If a child’s tooth is completely knocked free (avulsed), the tooth should be placed in milk and the child and tooth should be rushed to a dentist. In handling the tooth, parents should be careful not to touch the root or to wash the tooth. If milk is not available, the tooth should be wrapped in a clean tissue.