There is no known way of preventing autoimmune forms of diabetes (type 1 and latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood) or genetic conditions such as maturity-onset diabetes of the young and Wolfram syndrome. Genetic tests can reveal who is at risk, and clinical trials are investigating potential methods of preventing type 1, including vaccines and pre-emptive use of insulin.

People can take many steps to reduce their risk of developing metabolic forms of diabetes (type 2 and gestational diabetes). The primary focus is on managing weight through regular exercise and a sensible diet. Such practices also help people with other forms of diabetes avoid insulin resistance and double diabetes. It is also beneficial to control blood pressure and cholesterol, avoid smoking and restrict alcohol.

People with risk factors for diabetes should be screened regularly with glucose tests. Early detection and treatment can avert many diabetic complications.

Those who already have diabetes can help prevent complications such as diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy by maintaining control over their glucose levels and following other aspects of their care plan, as the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and many other research projects have affirmed.

Scientists are conducting a great deal of research into the diagnosis, monitoring, treatment and prevention of diabetes. Recent advances include inhaled insulin, new antidiabetic agents, continuous glucose monitoring and implantable insulin pumps. Projects in development range from stem cell research to refinement of an artificial pancreas. Though there is still no cure for diabetes, a disease that was once a death sentence has become a chronic condition that can be managed.