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Treatment options for diabetes insipidus (DI) vary greatly depending on the underlying cause of this rare condition. If possible, the cause of the underlying condition should be treated. Central DI may be controlled with medication, which normally includes some form of hormone replacement therapy. The hormone therapy includes administering vasopressin, usually as a nasal spray, tablets or injections under the skin.

However, vasopressin is not effective for patients with nephrogenic or primary polydipsic DI. Thiazide diuretics, anti-inflammatory medications or a sodium-restricted diet are often used for those who have nephrogenic DI. In addition, patients with nephrogenic DI caused by medications such as lithium often see a return of normal kidney function once the medication is stopped.

If the nephrogenic DI is the extremely rare hereditary form, increased fluid intake that matches the urine output and possibly the addition of medications that lower urine output may be all that is needed for treatment. Primary polydipsic DI is treated by limiting the patient’s fluid intake.

Depending on the underlying disorder or condition that led to DI, when properly diagnosed and treated, diabetes insipidus does not cause severe problems or reduce life expectancy.

Because complications from dehydration can lead to confusion and impaired mental function, patients with DI are urged to wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace so as to alert bystanders and healthcare workers in an emergency.