Treatment and prevention of digestive problems depends almost entirely on the root cause. For example, many individuals experience digestive problems as a result of radiation therapy to certain areas of the body. Radiation in the chest or abdomen may result in swelling or inflammation of the esophagus or intestines. This can cause dysphagia, as well as nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. Antacids can help reduce digestive discomfort, as can dietary modifications (e.g. avoiding spicy, fried or high-fiber foods).

Many cancer patients can experience digestive problems as a result of chemotherapy, however, the benefits of the treatment outweigh the possible accompanying problems. Although there may be no way to prevent the digestive problems, the patient’s physician may be able to make adjustments to lessen the complications. These problems may be due to the specific drugs used in treatment, the schedule or associated factors. A patient’s medical oncologist as well as other members of the cancer care team can determine  the best ways to possibly reduce digestive problems from treatment.

In severe cases, a patient may develop dehydration, requiring administration of intravenous fluids. Patients also may have difficult eating due to associated difficulties from treatment. For example, inflammation of the mouth lining (mucositis) may occur with radiation to the head and neck area. Dryness and lost of taste in the mouth may occur, and can be permanent in the worst cases. These problems may result in decreased intake and poor nutritional support. Patients may be able to use various medications to help with pain or to increase saliva production. Keeping the mouth clean can help reduce the effect of infection and further problems.

In addition, the patient may be able to tolerate supplemental nutrition (e.g., protein drinks) better than eating foods. A dietitian can offer recommendations to help a patient maintain nutrition while dealing with oral and digestive problems from cancer treatments.

Changes in diet, laxatives and stool softeners can also help relieve constipation that may result from treatments. In addition, there are various medicines that can help control abdominal cramping and diarrhea. As with all medications, they should not be taken without consulting a physician. This is particularly important for cancer patients as certain medications can affect their cancer treatments. In addition, enemas should not be taken with physician consultation.