There is no cure for diverticulosis. Once diverticula are present, they do not go away. However, when there are no symptoms, as is usually the case, there is generally no need for treatment. Dietary changes, exercise and good bowel habits help to prevent the formation of the sacs and prevent and relieve any symptoms. When treated with these measures, symptoms usually go away after three to four days.

The most important therapy for diverticulosis is the intake of plenty of fiber and water. This can be accomplished by eating more fiber-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, or taking fiber supplements, such as bulking agents. It is important to drink increased amounts of fluids while increasing fiber intake. These increases should be gradual. Suddenly eating large amounts of fiber when the body is not used to it may make symptoms (e.g., flatulence) worse. People with diverticulosis may benefit from avoiding foods that may get caught in or irritate the diverticula, including nuts, popcorn hulls and large seeds (e.g., sunflower seeds).

Exercise helps to relieve the pressure in the colon and makes it easier to pass stool. Poor bowel habits increase the pressure in the colon. When patients feel the need to have a bowel movement, they are urged not to wait any longer than is necessary to find a toilet. A bowel movement should not be forced. It is best to allow plenty of time rather than increasing the pressure on the intestinal walls.

Medications are rarely needed for diverticulosis. When required or requested, the most common medications are pain relievers. Physicians may prescribe antispasmodic agents to calm muscle spasms for some patients.