Physicians trying to determine the cause of an allergic reaction will compile a medical history and a list of symptoms. They will also perform a physical examination.

In addition, an allergy skin test may be performed to help diagnose the patient. This test involves introducing a small amount of an allergen to the patient’s skin to determine if the person is allergic to that allergen. If a rash or small bump develops, the patient is most likely allergic to that substance. Physicians who suspect a dog allergy typically test for dander first. If the test is negative, the physician may test for other allergens, such as saliva and urine.

Alternatively, a physician may order a blood allergy test. These tests look for the presence of allergy–specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the bloodstream. The most commonly used blood test for allergy conditions is the radioallergosorbent test (RAST).

The main form of treatment and prevention for dog allergies is avoidance – completely avoiding contact with dogs to prevent the allergic reaction from occurring. However, many dog owners are unwilling or unable to part with their pet.

Therefore, treatment for dog allergies may also include medications like antihistamines and decongestants, as well as allergy shots (immunotherapy). People who choose to keep their dogs can also lower their risk for symptoms by keeping the animal out of their bedroom. They should also avoid petting, kissing or hugging the animal.

However, it should be noted that individuals with significant dog allergies, or dog allergies that lead to asthma, must remove their dogs.

In the rare instance when anaphylaxis occurs, the patient will require immediate medical attention. An injection of epinephrine is required to reverse the patient’s symptoms.