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Drug abuse is the habitual misuse of a drug. This includes the use of illegal drugs, or the use of prescription medications for non-prescribed purposes. It can also include the use of substances such as nicotine and/or alcohol. Some people who abuse drugs become addicted. This involves the uncontrollable craving and misuse of drugs, as well as other self-destructive behaviors.

According to a 2004 study conducted by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 19.1 million Americans (7.9 percent of the population aged 12 or older) reported that they had used an illegal drug in the month prior to the study.

Some of the most commonly abused drugs are marijuana, prescription medications (such as sedatives), cocaine and heroin.

Risk factors for drug abuse may include genetics, age, being unemployed and having a mental health disorder. Risk factors for children include a chaotic home environment and poor social and coping skills.

Signs and symptoms of drug abuse vary according to the type of drug being abused. For example, signs and symptoms of depressant drug abuse include drowsiness, slurred speech and lack of coordination. Individuals abusing hallucinogens may have hallucinations, delusions and euphoria.

Drug abuse may be diagnosed by a physician. Patients suspected of being addicted to drugs may also be referred to a substance abuse specialist (e.g., psychiatrist, psychologist or counselor) for evaluation. Patients may be asked how often they use drugs and how the drug usage affects their life (e.g.,whether they have missed school or work because of drug use).

Patients whose drug abuse has developed into addiction may undergo detoxification (treatment technique designed to remove drugs or alcohol from the body while managing any symptoms of withdrawal). After successfully withdrawing from a drug, patients may receive treatment to help avoid relapse (drug use that starts after a period of abstinence), which may include counseling or self-help groups.

The best way to prevent drug abuse is to refrain from using illegal drugs and/or prescription drugs for non-prescribed purposes. Parents can help prevent drug abuse in children by informing them of the dangers of drug use and strengthening relationships with children.