The best approach to preventing drug allergy symptoms is simply to avoid taking the drug and to use an alternative drug that does not cause a reaction. In many cases, this solution is easy to implement. Those who are allergic to an antibiotic such as penicillin, for instance, can be tested for reactions to alternative drugs that also fight infections.

However, in some cases, a patient may have no alternative other than the drug that causes the reaction. In such situations, allergy shots (immunotherapy) may be advised. During this treatment, patients receive periodic, low-dose injections of the offending allergen in the hope that they will become desensitized to the drug and stop reacting to it. This process must be done very carefully under a physician’s monitoring because of the risk of anaphylactic shock. When used for treating drug allergies, this process of immunotherapy is often referred to as drug desensitization therapy.

Individuals who have a history of mild allergic reactions to a drug sometimes can avoid a reaction if they are treated with prescription corticosteroids or antihistamines prior to using the drug. A physician may prescribe an antihistamine to treat symptoms such as hives, rash or itching. In cases of severe or stubborn symptoms, corticosteroids may be prescribed. Creams likely will be tried before oral corticosteroids, which are more powerful and thus more likely to cause side effects.

Patients with a history of drug allergies should disclose this information to a healthcare provider before any medical treatment, including dental visits. Pharmacists should also be informed of any drug allergies.  Those with severe drug allergies should wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace that identifies their allergies. A card that identifies drug allergies can also be carried in the patient’s wallet.

A physician also might recommend an allergy kit that contains a syringe filled with epinephrine, a drug that can immediately reverse the life-threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis. This dose usually is injected into the thigh. Patients should be trained in how to self-administer the drug in an emergency. It is also a good idea to make sure loved ones know how to administer the drug. Parents of children with drug allergies need to inform caregivers of how to administer epinephrine to the child in an emergency.

Patients who use an allergy kit to treat themselves should immediately visit a hospital emergency room, even if symptoms stop. Sometimes, symptoms will reappear later after the initial attack has passed.

Patients who are allergic to several medications should be monitored at a healthcare facility when trying any new medication for the first time, or when taking a medication they have not used in some time.