In diagnosing an ear infection, a physician will perform a complete physical examination and compile a thorough medical history. Special attention will be paid to the throat, sinuses, head, neck and lungs. The physician likely will ask about any recent history of colds or allergies.

In the case of swimmer’s ear, infection may be obvious from such symptoms as redness and tenderness of the outer ear or ear canal. The skin may resemble eczema, with a scaly, shedding look.

In diagnosing otitis media, the physician may use a special lighted instrument (otoscope) to look at the ear canal and eardrum for signs of redness or swelling. In some cases, holes in the eardrum (perforations) may be evident.

A bulb may be attached to the otoscope that can push air into the ear canal to test the mobility of the eardrum. A middle ear infection – in which fluid or pressure in the middle ear presses against the eardrum – can restrict movement of the eardrum.

Patients who experience recurring ear infections may undergo testing of their hearing to make sure the infections have not caused permanent damage.