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Ear infections are a common illness during childhood. Other ear-related problems encountered during childhood include those that result from objects lodged within the ear canal and trauma to the ear.
Young children are particularly susceptible to ear infections, especially in the first few years of life. Their developing immune systems and the small size of structures within their ears, nose and throat leave them vulnerable to infection.
Ear infections are caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi. Most cases of ear infections among children occur after a cold or the flu, and affect the middle ear (otitis media). Infection can also occur as a result of exposure to excess moisture or injury  to the ear canal (swimmer’s ear). Fluid buildup (effusion) is common, and may result in temporary hearing loss. Inner ear infections (labyrinthitis) may affect a child’s balance and result in a spinning sensation. Chronic or untreated ear infections can lead to repeat infections, the spread of infection, as well as structural damage within the ear.
Parents who suspect their child has an ear infection or item lodged in the ear should consult their child’s pediatrician. Symptoms of an earache or pain may differ among children, depending on their age. Infants may cry or refuse feedings as an indication of pain. Young children may tug or pull at an ear. Foreign objects in the ear should not be removed at home since it may cause injury to the ear canal and result in an ear infection.
A visit to a physician will involve a physical examination, including an examination of the ear canal and eardrum. This can usually determine the likelihood of an ear infection. Any ear drainage may be swabbed and analyzed.
Treatment of an ear infection may depend on its cause. For example, viral infections do not respond to antibiotics and generally resolve on their own without treatment. Bacterial infections, on the other hand, will require treatment with antibiotics. In severe or recurrent cases, a child may have ear drainage tubes placed in one or both ears. Parents can comfort their child during the course of an ear infection. This may include providing pain-relief mediations and keeping the affected ear warm and dry. The primary ways to prevent ear infections involve prevention methods for a cold or the flu (e.g., avoiding people with a cold or the flu, frequent handwashing), as well as making sure children are up-to-date on their immunizations. The use of ear plugs while swimming or bathing may also be recommended by a pediatrician. | 
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